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JSS 1 Mathematics First Term - Addition and Subtraction of Fractions | Edwin Ogie Library
JSS 1 Mathematics First Term - Addition and Subtraction of Fractions | Edwin Ogie Library
JSS 1 Mathematics First Term: Addition and Subtraction of Fractions
This is Topic 4 in the JSS 1 first-term Mathematics sequence. Learn how to add and subtract fractions with like and unlike denominators, master the steps, study worked examples, and take the on-page CBT practice test.
Adding and subtracting fractions is a major step in junior secondary mathematics. Students must understand denominators, numerators, equivalent fractions, and how to simplify answers after calculation.
Fractions with the same denominator are easier to work with, while fractions with different denominators must first be converted to equivalent fractions before performing the operation.
“The key to fraction operations is to make the denominators alike before you add or subtract.”
Steps for adding and subtracting fractions
Check whether the fractions have the same denominator.
If the denominators are the same, add or subtract the numerators only.
If the denominators are different, find the LCM of the denominators.
Convert each fraction to an equivalent fraction with the same denominator.
Add or subtract the numerators.
Simplify the answer if possible.
Why this topic matters
Fraction operations appear in measurement, cooking, budgeting, time, distance, and many school mathematics problems. A strong foundation here helps students move easily into algebra and ratio work later.
The denominators are the same, so add the numerators: 1 + 2 = 3. Answer: 3/4.
Example 2: 3/5 - 1/5
Same denominator, subtract the numerators: 3 - 1 = 2. Answer: 2/5.
Example 3: 1/2 + 1/3
Find the LCM of 2 and 3, which is 6. Convert: 1/2 = 3/6 and 1/3 = 2/6. Add: 3/6 + 2/6 = 5/6.
Example 4: 5/6 - 1/4
LCM of 6 and 4 is 12. Convert: 5/6 = 10/12 and 1/4 = 3/12. Subtract: 10/12 - 3/12 = 7/12.
Example 5: 2/3 + 1/6
LCM of 3 and 6 is 6. Convert: 2/3 = 4/6. Then add: 4/6 + 1/6 = 5/6.
External learning resources
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CBT Practice Test
20 questions | 10 minutes | Quiz runs on this page.
The email button opens a draft to edwinogielibrary@gmail.com so the score can be sent easily after submission.
Revision Tip
Always look at the denominator first. If denominators are the same, add or subtract the numerators directly. If denominators are different, make them the same before you continue.
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