JSS 2 Mathematics Third Term Full Web Book

A complete third-term mathematics learning page for JSS 2. Every topic is explained thoroughly with step-by-step examples, quick brain tests, external learning links, and a 30-question CBT quiz with corrections at the end.

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Third Term Scheme of Work

Scheme of Work Overview

The third term of JSS 2 Mathematics strengthens geometry, measurement, ratio and statistics. The topics move from shapes and angles into area, volume, graphs and data interpretation.

How to use this page: read each topic carefully, study the examples, try the brain tests, and then attempt the full-term CBT quiz.

JSS 2 Mathematics Third Term Scheme of Work
Week	Topic	Core Content
1	Plane Shapes and Polygons	Types of plane shapes, angles, symmetry and properties.
2	Perimeter and Area	Finding perimeter and area of rectangles, squares and triangles.
3	Surface Area and Volume	Cube, cuboid and simple solid figures.
4	Ratio and Proportion	Meaning of ratio, simplifying ratio, direct proportion.
5	Scale Drawing and Maps	Scale factors, distance on maps and simple enlargement/reduction.
6	Graphs and Coordinates	Reading graphs, plotting points and understanding the coordinate plane.
7	Statistics and Data Interpretation	Tables, charts, mean, median, mode and interpretation.
8	Revision and Examination	General revision and assessment.

Topic 1

Plane Shapes and Polygons

Plane shapes are flat shapes with length and width. Polygons are plane shapes with straight sides only. This topic helps students identify shapes, count sides and understand angle properties.

Plane shape

A flat figure such as a triangle, square or circle.

Polygon

A closed plane shape with straight sides only.

Symmetry

A shape can be split into equal matching halves.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: Name a polygon with 3 sides.

Step 1: Count the sides.

Step 2: A 3-sided polygon is a triangle.

Step 3: Answer: triangle.

Example 2

Question: Name a polygon with 4 equal sides and 4 right angles.

Step 1: Check the properties carefully.

Step 2: Those are properties of a square.

Step 3: Answer: square.

Example 3

Question: How many sides does a pentagon have?

Step 1: Remember that penta means five.

Step 2: A pentagon has 5 sides.

Step 3: Answer: 5.

Example 4

Question: How many sides does a hexagon have?

Step 1: Remember that hexa means six.

Step 2: A hexagon has 6 sides.

Step 3: Answer: 6.

Example 5

Question: What is the shape of a traffic sign with 3 sides?

Step 1: Count the sides.

Step 2: It is a triangle.

Step 3: Answer: triangle.

Example 6

Question: What is a line of symmetry?

Step 1: Imagine folding a shape into two equal halves.

Step 2: The fold line is the line of symmetry.

Step 3: Answer: a line that divides a shape into two matching halves.

Quick Brain Tests

1. Polygon with 4 sides?

Quadrilateral.

2. Polygon with 5 sides?

Pentagon.

3. Polygon with 6 sides?

Hexagon.

4. Flat figure with no thickness?

Plane shape.

5. A circle is a polygon?

No, because it has no straight sides.

Topic 2

Perimeter and Area

Perimeter is the distance around a shape, while area is the space inside the shape. These are important in building, farming, design and real-life measurements.

Perimeter

Add all the sides around the shape.

Area

Multiply length by width for rectangles and squares.

Triangle area

Half × base × height.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: Find the perimeter of a rectangle 6 cm by 4 cm.

Step 1: Use P = 2(l + w).

Step 2: P = 2(6 + 4) = 2 × 10.

Step 3: Answer: 20 cm.

Example 2

Question: Find the area of a rectangle 6 cm by 4 cm.

Step 1: Use A = l × w.

Step 2: A = 6 × 4.

Step 3: Answer: 24 cm².

Example 3

Question: Find the perimeter of a square with side 5 cm.

Step 1: Use P = 4s.

Step 2: P = 4 × 5.

Step 3: Answer: 20 cm.

Example 4

Question: Find the area of a square with side 5 cm.

Step 1: Use A = s².

Step 2: A = 5 × 5.

Step 3: Answer: 25 cm².

Example 5

Question: Find the area of a triangle with base 8 cm and height 6 cm.

Step 1: Use A = 1/2bh.

Step 2: A = 1/2 × 8 × 6.

Step 3: Answer: 24 cm².

Example 6

Question: A square garden has side 9 m. Find its perimeter and area.

Step 1: Perimeter = 4 × 9 = 36 m.

Step 2: Area = 9 × 9 = 81 m².

Step 3: Answers: 36 m and 81 m².

Quick Brain Tests

1. Perimeter of a shape means?

Distance around the shape.

2. Area of rectangle formula?

Length × width.

3. Area unit?

Square units.

4. Perimeter unit?

Units such as cm or m.

5. Triangle area formula?

1/2 × base × height.

Topic 3

Surface Area and Volume

Surface area is the total area of the outside surfaces of a solid figure. Volume is the space occupied by a solid figure. These ideas are useful for boxes, tanks, rooms and containers.

Surface area

Total outside area of the solid.

Volume

Amount of space inside the solid.

Units

cm² for area, cm³ for volume.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: Find the volume of a cube with side 4 cm.

Step 1: Use V = s³.

Step 2: V = 4 × 4 × 4.

Step 3: Answer: 64 cm³.

Example 2

Question: Find the volume of a cuboid 5 cm × 3 cm × 2 cm.

Step 1: Use V = lwh.

Step 2: V = 5 × 3 × 2.

Step 3: Answer: 30 cm³.

Example 3

Question: Find the surface area of a cube with side 3 cm.

Step 1: Use SA = 6s².

Step 2: SA = 6 × 3 × 3.

Step 3: Answer: 54 cm².

Example 4

Question: Find the volume of a cube with side 6 cm.

Step 1: Use V = s³.

Step 2: V = 6 × 6 × 6.

Step 3: Answer: 216 cm³.

Example 5

Question: Find the volume of a cuboid 8 cm × 4 cm × 3 cm.

Step 1: Use V = lwh.

Step 2: V = 8 × 4 × 3.

Step 3: Answer: 96 cm³.

Example 6

Question: A tank is 10 cm × 5 cm × 4 cm. Find its volume.

Step 1: Use V = lwh.

Step 2: Multiply 10 × 5 × 4.

Step 3: Answer: 200 cm³.

Quick Brain Tests

1. Volume unit?

Cubic units.

2. Volume of 2 × 2 × 2 cube?

8 cm³.

3. Surface area unit?

Square units.

4. Volume formula for cuboid?

l × w × h.

5. Surface area of cube formula?

6s².

Topic 4

Ratio and Proportion

Ratio compares two quantities of the same kind. Proportion shows that two ratios are equal. These ideas are used in recipes, map reading, sharing and scaling drawings.

Ratio

Comparison using division or a colon.

Simplify

Divide both terms by the same factor.

Direct proportion

When one quantity increases, the other increases in the same ratio.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: Simplify the ratio 6:12.

Step 1: Find the common factor.

Step 2: Divide both terms by 6.

Step 3: Answer: 1:2.

Example 2

Question: Simplify the ratio 9:15.

Step 1: Find a common factor.

Step 2: Divide by 3.

Step 3: Answer: 3:5.

Example 3

Question: If 2 pens cost ₦200, how much do 5 pens cost at the same rate?

Step 1: Find the cost of 1 pen = 200 ÷ 2 = 100.

Step 2: Multiply by 5.

Step 3: Answer: ₦500.

Example 4

Question: Write 3:4 as a fraction.

Step 1: Put the first number over the second.

Step 2: 3/4.

Step 3: Answer: 3/4.

Example 5

Question: A class has 10 boys and 15 girls. Find the ratio boys:girls.

Step 1: Write the ratio 10:15.

Step 2: Simplify by dividing by 5.

Step 3: Answer: 2:3.

Example 6

Question: If 4 books cost ₦600, how much do 2 books cost?

Step 1: Find the cost of 1 book = 600 ÷ 4 = 150.

Step 2: Multiply by 2.

Step 3: Answer: ₦300.

Quick Brain Tests

1. Simplify 8:16?

1:2.

2. 12:18 simplified?

2:3.

3. Ratio symbol?

4. Proportion means?

Equal ratios.

5. If x increases and y increases same rate, it is?

Direct proportion.

Topic 5

Scale Drawing and Maps

Scale drawing is a smaller or larger drawing of an object that keeps the same proportions. Maps use scale to show real distances on paper. This topic helps students understand enlargement, reduction and map reading.

Scale

Shows how drawing size compares with actual size.

Map distance

Use scale to find real distance.

Accuracy

Proportions must be kept the same.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: A map scale is 1 cm to 5 km. What is 3 cm on the map?

Step 1: Multiply 3 by 5.

Step 2: 3 × 5 = 15.

Step 3: Answer: 15 km.

Example 2

Question: If 2 cm represents 10 m, what does 1 cm represent?

Step 1: Divide 10 by 2.

Step 2: 10 ÷ 2 = 5.

Step 3: Answer: 5 m.

Example 3

Question: On a drawing, a table is 6 cm long. If the scale is 1:2, what is the actual length?

Step 1: Multiply the drawing length by 2.

Step 2: 6 × 2 = 12.

Step 3: Answer: 12 cm.

Example 4

Question: A real wall is 8 m. If scale is 1 cm to 2 m, what is the drawing length?

Step 1: Divide 8 by 2.

Step 2: 8 ÷ 2 = 4.

Step 3: Answer: 4 cm.

Example 5

Question: A map distance of 4 cm represents 20 km. Find 1 cm.

Step 1: Divide 20 by 4.

Step 2: 20 ÷ 4 = 5.

Step 3: Answer: 5 km.

Example 6

Question: A room is 12 m long. If drawing scale is 1 cm to 3 m, what is the drawing length?

Step 1: Divide 12 by 3.

Step 2: 12 ÷ 3 = 4.

Step 3: Answer: 4 cm.

Quick Brain Tests

1. Scale keeps what same?

Proportion.

2. What is a map used for?

Showing places and distances.

3. If 1 cm = 2 km, 4 cm = ?

8 km.

4. Scale drawing is always exact in proportion?

Yes.

5. Scale factor compares?

Drawing to actual size.

Topic 6

Graphs and Coordinates

Graphs help present and interpret information visually. Coordinates help locate points on a grid. These are important in mathematics, geography, science and data representation.

Graph

A visual way of showing data.

Coordinates

Ordered pair that tells position.

Axes

x-axis is horizontal, y-axis is vertical.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: What are coordinates?

Step 1: Coordinates are numbers used to locate a point.

Step 2: They are written as (x, y).

Step 3: Answer: ordered pair values.

Example 2

Question: What is the coordinate of a point 3 units right and 2 units up?

Step 1: Right gives x = 3.

Step 2: Up gives y = 2.

Step 3: Answer: (3, 2).

Example 3

Question: What is the x-axis?

Step 1: Identify the horizontal line.

Step 2: It is called the x-axis.

Step 3: Answer: horizontal axis.

Example 4

Question: What is the y-axis?

Step 1: Identify the vertical line.

Step 2: It is called the y-axis.

Step 3: Answer: vertical axis.

Example 5

Question: Plot the point (4, 1).

Step 1: Move 4 units along x-axis.

Step 2: Move 1 unit up on y-axis.

Step 3: The point is located at (4, 1).

Example 6

Question: What point lies 2 units left and 3 units down?

Step 1: Left means negative x.

Step 2: Down means negative y.

Step 3: Answer: (-2, -3).

Quick Brain Tests

1. Horizontal axis?

x-axis.

2. Vertical axis?

y-axis.

3. Coordinate format?

(x, y).

4. Point 2 right and 1 up?

(2, 1).

5. Graphs are used to show?

Data visually.

Topic 7

Statistics and Data Interpretation

Statistics involves collecting, organizing, presenting and interpreting data. It helps students make sense of information using tables, charts and averages such as mean, median and mode.

Collect

Use questionnaires, observations and surveys.

Present

Use tables, bar charts and graphs.

Interpret

Understand what the data shows.

Worked examples

Example 1

Question: What is the mode of 2, 3, 3, 4, 5?

Step 1: Count the repeated values.

Step 2: 3 appears most often.

Step 3: Answer: 3.

Example 2

Question: Find the median of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Step 1: Arrange in order.

Step 2: The middle value is 6.

Step 3: Answer: 6.

Example 3

Question: Find the mean of 2, 4, 6.

Step 1: Add 2 + 4 + 6 = 12.

Step 2: Divide by 3.

Step 3: Answer: 4.

Example 4

Question: Why do we use tables?

Step 1: Tables organize information neatly.

Step 2: They make comparison easy.

Step 3: Answer: to arrange data clearly.

Example 5

Question: What is a bar chart used for?

Step 1: Think of comparing categories.

Step 2: Bar charts show data using bars.

Step 3: Answer: to compare data.

Example 6

Question: Name one way of collecting data.

Step 1: Recall common methods.

Step 2: A questionnaire is one way.

Step 3: Answer: questionnaire.

Quick Brain Tests

1. Most frequent value?

Mode.

2. Middle value?

Median.

3. Average value?

Mean.

4. Data collection tool?

Questionnaire.

5. Visual display of data?

Chart or graph.

External Resources

CBT Practice Test

30 questions | Timed quiz | Corrections appear after submission.

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